The Civil War America s Historical Consciousness

America. Whether fighting our parents or foes overseas, the American people have been faced with numerous conflicts. However, the one that stands out the most in the bloody history that is American war, is the Civil War; but what is the Civil War? Dr. James McPherson, in his article entitled â€Å"A Brief Overview of the American Civil War,† states that, â€Å"The Civil War is the central event in America s historical consciousness. While the Revolution of 1776-1783 created the United States, the Civil War of 1861-1865 determined what kind of nation it would be. The war resolved two fundamental questions left unresolved by the revolution: whether the United States was to be a dissolvable confederation of sovereign states or an indivisible nation with a sovereign national government; and whether this nation, born of a declaration that all men were created with an equal right to liberty, would continue to exist as the largest slaveholding country in the world. (McPherson)† To reiterate, it was a war that decided the fate of government and slave standpoint within the country. One fantastic writers whom describes these stories in fiction texts links certain traits among each other. Stephen Crane, a writer of American literature, writes vividly about the war that bloodied American soil, even though--as Donna Campbell states-- â€Å"Crane was born in 1871, six years after the war ended. (Campbell)† His unique writing style involved asking questions about the characters within the works heShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War : A Central Event Of America s Historical Consciousness Essay1412 Words   |  6 Pages Civil War Professor Lenza Zachary Blaisdell 12/6/16 â€Æ' The Civil War is a central event of America s historical consciousness. Whereas the revolution from 1776 to 1783 created the United States, it was decided what kind of country it will be after the civil war. This war solved the two fundamental problems that were not solved by the revolution: whether the United States is an indivisible state of a union of sovereign countries or a state sovereign state. Northern victory in the war abolishedRead MoreBlack Movements Of America By Cedric J. Robinson1530 Words   |  7 Pages Black Movements In America is written by Cedric J. Robinson, who is a professor of Black Studies and Political Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Robinson traces the emergence of Black political cultures in the United States from slave resistance in the sixteenth and seventeenth century to the civil rights movement of the present. He also focuses on Black resistance which was forged from a succession of quests such as The return to Africa; escape and alliances with anti-colonialRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes And His Harlem Dream1639 Words   |  7 Pagesto north of the United States in an event called the Great Migration. Many Southern African-Americans migrated to a place called Harlem and this is where the Harlem renaissance originated from. The Harlem renaissance began just after the first world war and lasted into the early years of the great depression. Harlem became the cynosure for blues and jazz and birthed forth a Negro Artist era called the Harl em Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness and the celebration of individualityRead MoreLaw Enforcement : The United States Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesdesigned in the early 1800’s by a man named Robert Peal, which is why cops are sometimes referred to as Bobbies in England; designing an organization of law enforcement that would protect people from harming other people (Christ). This was the model that we based our western law enforcement agencies on, until prohibition became a federal task in the 1920’s. This is when the federal government decided to take up the task of protecting people from themselves. Fast forward to the 1960’s; President RichardRead MoreAn Interview For The New York Times By Philip Roth1521 Words   |  7 PagesYork Times, Philip Roth stated, Even more potent was the impact of the Vietnam War. That was the most shattering national event of my adulthood. A brutal war went on and on-- went on longer than even that other great milestone, World War II- and brought with it social turbulence unlike anything since the Depression.† A self-described member of the most propagandized generation†, a product of World War II rhetoric, Cold War containment, and mass media, Philip Roth viewed the turbulence of the 1960sRead MoreThe Black Slave Codes, Jim Crow Laws, And Color Line1376 Words   |  6 PagesEspecially considering the Civil Rights Movement was over 50 years ago. â€Å"IT IS NO ACCIDENT that the pivotal Supreme Court decision launching the modern civil rights movement was an education case -- the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruling.† (Leadership Conference) For America present day, the change in race relation has changed, â€Å"technically† for no longer are acts of hatred as blatantly open and accepted; while they still do exist they are not as common and frequently exposed as appropriateRead MoreThe Japanese American Citizens League965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Japanese American Citizens League, also known by the acronym JACL, is a Nisei organization founded in 1929 with the initial goal of lobbying for Japanese-American Civil Rights while promoting the integration of citizens into American culture. Since its inception the JACL has expanded its mandate to focus on lobbying for the Civil Rights of all Asian-American citizens and protecting Japanese-American cultural heritage. The JACL is considered one of the oldest and one of the most influential nationalRead MoreThe Breakdown Of The New Jim Crow Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesof The New Jim Crow Some say that nothing is ever truly brought to an end and that everything that once was will be again. That seems to be the case when discussing Michelle Alexander s The New Jim Crow, a nonfiction book that argues that Jim Crow has reemerged in the mass incarceration of black people in America. Originally, the name for this era we know as Jim Crow was inspired by a racist character played by Thomas Dartmouth Daddy Rice. During the 1800s, Rice would dress in blackface andRead MoreEasy Rider: a Pursuit of American Identity1359 Words   |  6 Pagesidentity in America, in the midst of paranoia, bigotry and violence. The story, of filmmakers Fonda/Hopper creation, centers around the self-styled, counter-cultured, neo-frontiersmen of the painfully fashionable late 60s. As for the meaning of Easy rider, Peter Fonda (Wyatt) said in an interview with Rolling Stone magazine,  ¡Ã‚ §it is a southern term for a whore ¡Ã‚ ¦s old man, not a pimp, but a dude who lives with a chick. Because heà ‚ ¡Ã‚ ¦s got the easy ride. Well, that ¡Ã‚ ¦s what ¡Ã‚ ¦s happened to America, man. Liberty ¡Ã‚ ¦sRead MoreAnalysis of the Black Church: Black Theology and Racial Empowerment1800 Words   |  8 Pagesbe obedient and submissive to their masters, and that that was the will of God. In his article Black Consciousness and the Black Church: A Historical and Theological Interpretation, James Cone examines whether the African-American Church and calls into question whether or not it has truly evolved and separated itself from the traditionally pacifistic ways of the Anglo-Saxon and Post-Civil War black church. He is arguing whether or not the Black church meets the basic need of African-American to

Women s Rights And General Moral Values - 1631 Words

Over the course of American history, there have been many controversial issues within America such as gun control, the legalization of marijuana, the death penalty, and abortion. Abortion has been debated as a topic concerning a woman s rights and general moral values. There are two main opposing sides to this issue: people who are pro-life, and people who are pro-choice. People who are pro-life are against abortion at any time during the pregnancy, no matter the circumstances, while people who are pro-choice feel it is a woman s decision to choose if she should have an abortion because it is her body. Abortion has stimulated many intense discussions throughout the United States, and one should become fully informed on its history, the†¦show more content†¦Stanton says that if the government and society started treating women with respect and giving them the same rights as men, they won t feel the need to get an abortion because they would be receiving government financial support and therefore feel safer having a child. This movement continued and finally in 1920, the 19th Amendment was passed and women received their right to vote, yet getting an abortion was still a struggle for women (Foster 2). In the 1950’s, it is said that between 200,000 and 1.2 million abortions were illegally performed due to the previous laws that were passed banning abortion (Eichenwald 3). The United States continued to enforce abortion laws between 1967 and 1973 that allowed abortion â€Å"when performed by a licensed physician who judged that there was a substantial risk that continuance of pregnancy would gravely impair the physical or mental health of the mother, that the child would be born with serious defects, or when pregnancy resulted from rape or incest† (Abortion: Background and Issues 2). In the case of Roe vs. Wade, Sarah Weddington, the attorney of the case, explained the inequality pregnant women endured who work, are in school, or lack money . She asked the jury to understand that the pregnant women who want an abortion feel it is the best decision for them because of the injustices they face (Foster 3). So, in 1973, the Supreme Court allowed abortion within the first three months of a

Gothis Elementa In Jane Eyre Essay Example For Students

Gothis Elementa In Jane Eyre Essay Gothic features are all through the novel Jane Eyre. Even though the novel is romantic, not gothic, metatonamy, references to the supernatural, and other gothic features can all be found in Jane Eyre. Charlotte Bronte uses metatonamy throughout her novel as a gothic technique, creating atmosphere. The novel begins with pathetic fallacy, with sombre clouds and penetrating rain, which reflects Janes sombre mood. This makes the reader immediately aware of the sadness of Janes childhood. Another example of this technique is in Chapter 5, where, on the journey to Lowood, it is wet and somewhat misty. The word misty gives the effect of insecurity and secrecy surrounding Lowood, and Janes future there. It also creates a gloomy atmosphere, which reflects Janes life at the school. The weather is also described as misty when Jane arrives at Thornfield in Chapter 11. This has the same effect, and also reflects Janes life at Thornfield, as it is where she discovers Mr.Rochesters secret. This use of pathetic fallacy to forewarn the reader of Mr.Rochester is also employed when Jane first meets him. The moon is pale yet as a cloud, but brightening momentarily. This brightening symbolises the brief time that Mr.Rochester and Jane are together as a couple. The moon is also used by Charlotte Bronte to give prior notice to the reader about the events on the night Mr. Mason was attacked. The moon is described as beautiful, but too solemn, which helps the reader to understand that something is about to happen which will stop it being so solemn. The word solemn also creates an effect because it is not a word that is usually used to describe the moon; this then sets the sombre mood for the rest of chapter 20. Another example of Charlotte Brontes use of metatonamy is in the final paragraph of chapter 23, when it is noted that lightening had split the horse chestnut tree in half. This symbolises Jane and Mr.Rochester, as they too are about to be split. Once again, the author has employed nature to forewarn the reader of upcoming events. The lightening has destroyed another aspect of nature, and therefore the elements are responding to the immoral position that Mr.Rochester has put Jane into. Metatonamy is one technique of using symbolism in a gothic way. Symbolism and imagery are also used at the beginning of chapter 1. Lots of spiritual imagery is used, with the haunted churchyard, marine phantoms and black horned thing. Words like haunted and phantom are very gothic words; they create a depressing and gloomy atmosphere for the beginning of the novel in which the reader is immediately thrown into. There are many spiritual references in the novel Jane Eyre. Mr.Rochester refers to Jane throughout the novel as a spirit, using terms such as sprite, changeling and fairy. The reader is constantly being bombarded with this sort of imagery, and therefore, all the way through the novel there is a spiritual element. Mid-way through chapter 23, Mr.Rochester says that there is a string connecting him and Jane, and that if the string was broken, he should take to bleeding inwardly. This is similar to the almost psychic bond that they share near the end of the novel, when Jane hears a known, loved, well-remembered voice-that of Edward Fairfax Rochester calling her name. Mr.Rochester later states in chapter 37 that at the same time, he heard Janes reply: I am coming; wait for me. Another spiritual link in the novel is presented in the relationship between Janes dreams, and the events that follow them. Whenever Jane dreams of a child, bad news follows. The supernatural is a key element in gothic novels. The first dream that Jane had involving a child lasted a week. She mentions she had been dreaming of the child on that moonlit night when I heard the cry; referring to the evening that Mr. Mason was attacked. She also receives bad news regarding the Reeds. A pattern develops that suggests that when Jane dreams of a child, bad news or events will follow. Compare and Contrast the Gilded Six Bits and the Passing of Grandson EssayThere is also a mystery of why Mr. Rochester thought someone would meddle with his and Janes marriage. Jane noted that his accent and look of exultation was savage, which adds even more mystery to the arcane character of Mr. Rochester. Savage is a word generally used to describe wild animals, and, Charlotte Bronte, in using it to describe Mr. Rochester, makes him appear as a monster, thus making the reader wary of the darker side of Mr. Rochester, and warning them in advance of the way he is likely to react when his wife is revealed. Most gothic novels contained a mysterious character. In Jane Eyre there are three: Mr. Rochester, Grace Poole and Bertha Rochester. Grace first comes under suspicion at the end of chapter 11, when Jane hears her laugh for the first time. The laugh is gothic because it is scary- Jane describes it as distinct, formal, mirthless. Just before she finds Mr. Rochesters bed alight, Jane hears a demonic laugh. This creates an atmosphere of suspense, which is an element of gothic novels, as you wonder what events will follow this demonic laugh. When the laugh is described as demonic, the reader immediately associates the laugh with the devil, and therefore as something evil. Also, it helps the reader to make an assumption that the owner of the laugh is also demonic, and, as is described in chapter 20, a fiend. There is a strong gothic feeling when Mr. Mason is attacked by Mr. Rochesters wife. Firstly, there is the mystery as to what is going on above Janes room with the fearful shriek and deadly struggle. These adjectives lead to the connotation that somebody is being murdered by someone else, and this builds up the mystery. Then, this feeling is intensified with the revelation that Mr. Mason has been attacked. A mysterious character enters again on the eve of Janes wedding, when someone enters her room and rips the veil. An aura of uncertainty is created as to who this person was, and why they were doing this. There is a gothic element of a monster in Jane Eyre. Bertha sucks the blood from Mr. Mason and said shed drain my heart. When looking back on this from the 21st Century, we can see this is typical of a vampire. Later, Jane explains that the woman who tore her wedding veil reminded her of the foul German spectre- the vampire. This imagery of the vampire is very supernatural, and therefore becomes gothic imagery. Bertha is repeatedly described as beast-like throughout the novel- when Jane is introduced to Bertha, she is unsure of whether she is beast or human being. She describes her as a strange wild animal. Her laugh is described as demonic and goblin-laughter. This use of supernatural imagery gives the effect that Bertha isnt human, and that she herself is a mystery. The gothic features used are similar to the many gothic novels of its time. These similarities lie in the plot, and literary techniques used by Charlotte Bronte. Gothic novels incorporated mystery and suspense into the plots. Jane Eyre has lots of these elements. The supernatural, and mysterious strangers are usually in the early gothic novels. Jane Eyre has many supernatural references, and three mysterious characters. Some of Jane Eyres plot is very similar to that of other gothic novels. For example, the revelation of who, and what Bertha is, is much less horrifying than the suspense that had been built up throughout the novel beforehand. This is similar to The Mysteries of Udolpho, in which a character faints after seeing something behind a veil. What it actually was was less scary than what the reader is led to believe.

The Eden Project And Its Purpose Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Eden Project And Its Purpose. Answer: The Eden project The Eden is a blue ocean project that thrives on exploring unique features that ensure its sustainability. Its main purpose is to connect people by providing complementary and unique ways that are aimed at educating and offering pleasure to people. The Eden project is a major tourist attraction site and combines well with a striking environment where learning takes place. A larger number of people who visit this area are traveling on holiday to Cornwall from as far as the South West region (Jasper, 2002). The learning experience that this site offers is majorly intended to offer pleasure, some meaning, and ecological importance. This is achieved by what Greenblatt terms as resonance and wonder. Eden has the ability to make a difference in the attitude, behavior, and values of the visitors. What is experienced has the power to exceed the normal boundaries of a greater world. Complex and dynamic cultural views are evoked by the viewer and a whole new experience witnessed by this particular viewer. (Greenblatt, 1991, p. 42). Eden also has a unique sense of uniqueness that is very different from other tourist sites. It has the ability to stop a viewer in their tracks by capturing their senses by its conspicuousness. Eden is differe nt from theme parks like Disneyland, it is also different from open-air museums or botanical gardens. The aim of this project is connecting people to the natural world through unique experiences. The Eden project draws its funding from the European Union as well as from the Millennium Commission. The two funding entities reflect on the projects educational purpose as well as its intent in the economic world. References Greenblatt, S. (1991) Resonance and Wonder in Karp, I. Levine, S.D. (Eds) Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display, Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press Jasper, A. (2002) Planting Stories, Eden Project, (Internal document).

Birches Analysis Essay Research Paper The Ice free essay sample

Birches -Analysis Essay, Research Paper The Ice Storms of Life and the Birches that Survive them After reading Birches by Robert Frost through many times the chief thing I see is the comparing between the effects of turning out of childhood and whether birches will last through the abrasiveness of winter. I kept acquiring a feeling of the inevitable and the feeling of insouciance of childhood. The first image is one of birches flexing towards the land and there are consecutive, dark trees by these sad trees. At first there was no feeling of unhappiness because there are all these images of childhood. Then when there is a realisation that these trees are stand foring life and its tests and trials, there is a feeling of being beaten down to the land, or world. There is no obvious feeling of this ; it is merely an image of world and how there is a fancy of childhood. We will write a custom essay sample on Birches Analysis Essay Research Paper The Ice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The features of the birch and the talker are likewise because before the birch was light coloured and unworried in the universe until childhood comes along and subdues it, or the ice storm in world. The male child is unworried and feels in control at drama, as an grownup he realizes life is non ever that manner. The consecutive, dark trees around the birch represent life to me because it is inflexible and you can non see what is traveling to go on you can merely trust. The talker s hankering to believe a male child set the tree represents to me that he wants to travel back to childhood to be able to flex life the manner he wants it to travel like he did with the birches and be in control. I besides get the feeling that one time life is dead set a certain manner there is no traveling back. In the talker s instance, to boyhood, so he can get down life all over once more. I besides think the set birches represent how one time we grow out of the artlessness of childhood there is no traveling back to that same artlessness. The comparing of the foliages draging on the land and the misss throwing at that place hair over their caputs on their custodies and articulatio genuss to dry in the Sun seems like a bad comparing at first. Then I thought of how the tree set all the manner to the land could stand for the talker who has gotten along in his old ages, and is retrieving another facet of his childhood, the misss drying their hair in the Sun merrily. There are no cold ice storms in the image. Each clip the talker admits the existent grounds of the set birches I get a feeling of coldness and sad brusqueness. I found it interesting when the talker represents truth as a adult female. I got a feeling that the talker was seeking to acquire back his artlessness and was annoyed that the truth kept mousing up on his imaginativeness. When we are kids we do non cognize all of these truths yet, we are in the procedure of larning them. The lines As the zephyr rises, and turn many colored/ As the splash clefts and madden their enamel, I get this feeling of the consequence of a storm or the manner we react to something that has happened to us in our life. Life can be many colored and we can take to allow it crush us down, flex us down, or be strong and bear the cold air currents of life. I think the Sun warming the ice on the tree doing it to fall off can be represented like it is in the verse form as a bad portents, a portion of Eden falling down, which consequences in the bending of the subdivisions because of the weight of the ice. Or it can stand for the sloughing of these loads and lasting because the tree is strong, or the individual. The manner the male child learns when to establish out after he masters the art of vacillation is like how we learn to cover with life s blows. When the talker is weary of considerations, we see that he needs to travel back to childhood so he does non hold to worry about doing a way in the forests. He merely wants to roll through a pathless wood singing through the birches. The roadless wood does non trouble oneself the male child in the images because he does non cognize of the considerations yet. The cuts and contusions of running and singing through the forests do non trouble oneself the male child. It is like an escapade and the male child does non see these forests as a whole he merely sees from birch to birch. It is after the vacillation is done and childhood is over that he sees the pathless wood and realizes that there is something to be weary of. The usage of the words subdued and suppress give the talker s originative images of boyhood the control of life that he wants in world. The last portion of the verse form does non hold this sense of control. The manner the talker uses the words Not to return and I d like to travel and so right after rectifying himself Earth s the right topographic point for me and Toward Eden ( non to heaven ) gives us a sense of non desiring to populate and so the talker recognizing that that is non what he wants to pass on to the readers. The talker is happy even though he knows life is non similar childhood. It is as though the experiencing the readers perceive and so the talker corrects suddenly afterwards is the exact antonym. The talker wants to populate life all over once more. Or merely acquire a feeling of childhood and so put back down in world once more. Throughout the whole verse form I feel like I am traveling through all these emotions with the talker, like I am inside his head. I see the talker shuting his eyes at points when he is conceive ofing this male child. The talker s eyes are unfastened when he is sing the truths of the universe. At the terminal when the talker is rectifying himself gives us a sense of non in control and so he concludes with how people could make worse than singing through life carefreely, but with the cognition of non establishing out to shortly. Which means that traveling through life with this sort of attitude brings good consequences and a small feeling of being in control. The talker wants to believe that a male child has bent the birch alternatively of the ice storm because the harm is non lasting. The harm of the ice storm is lasting which is world to the talker. This feeling of permanency of life s blows is rough and the talker does non desire to believe this, so he resorts to the thought that a male child has merely swung on the birch and it is non a lasting blow. The birches represent world in our lives and the cold winter storms represent the challenges that we have to populate through. A male child can flex world when he is conceive ofing he is Tarzan, but the talker knows that he can non. There are many birches in the universe and there are besides traveling to be many more ice storms. Time will merely state if male childs and ice storms will flex the birches. The talker wants to believe that male childs will flex a batch more birches than the ice storms and I do excessively.

Acclimate vs. Acclimatise

Acclimate vs. Acclimatise Acclimate vs. Acclimatise Acclimate vs. Acclimatise By Maeve Maddox In my line of work, I’m used to comments that blame American speakers for usage that British speakers find annoying. For example: How is it possible for Americans to create acclimate from acclimatise? The effect on me is far worse than hearing math or off of. I share the commenter’s feelings regarding the redundant and ugly â€Å"off of,† as in â€Å"He fell off of the wagon† but fail to understand why math should bother him. In the case of maths vs math, both are clippings of the â€Å"real† word mathematics. Unlike the ridiculous â€Å"open-mic,† which is presumably intended to be pronounced â€Å"open-mike,† both math and maths conform to English spelling conventions. As for acclimate, the form is not an American creation. The earliest citation of acclimate in the Oxford English Dictionary- from a British printed source- is dated 1792. The earliest OED citation for acclimatize (not acclimatise) is dated 1802. Although acclimate is now labeled â€Å"chiefly US usage,† both forms have a long history in British English. The Ngram Viewer set to â€Å"American English† indicates that acclimatize and acclimate were in about equal use until the 1970s, when acclimate began its rise. Set to â€Å"British English,† the Ngram Viewer shows the two forms in equal use until the period of the American Civil War (1860s), when acclimatize gains ascendancy in British printed books. Set to â€Å"English,† the Viewer shows acclimatize as the dominant form until the 1950s, when it begins to decline. The form acclimate overtakes acclimatize and surpasses it in frequency in the 1980s. Of the spellings acclimatize and acclimatise, the former is more frequent, no matter which Ngram setting- â€Å"English,† â€Å"British English† or â€Å"American English†- is used. The OED entry for the word is not treated like analyze, for example, with British analyse placed first and American analyze second. The only word in red for the entry in the OED is acclimatize. Oxford Dictionaries online acknowledges the s spelling with the note, â€Å"also acclimatise.† The Cambridge online dictionary headword is acclimatize, with a note in parentheses: (UK  usually  acclimatise). A Google search brings up the following results: â€Å"acclimate† 857,000 â€Å"acclimatize† 500,000 â€Å"acclimatise† 424,000 I am not advocating the use of acclimate over acclimatize. Although I am an American speaker, I rather think that acclimatize is the form I would use to talk about something or someone having to become accustomed to new conditions. My intention is simply to point out that this so-called â€Å"Americanism† isn’t one. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business LetterWriting the CenturyOne "L" or Two?

The art deco Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The art deco - Research Paper Example Mathematical geometric shapes formed the basis of the structure of most Art Deco design patterns. They were generally seen to have trapezoidal, zigzag and triangular shapes, chevron patterns, stepped forms and sunburst motifs . Floral patterns and images of botanical objects were also part of the design. Plain or geometric fabrics were mostly used in Art Deco. Smooth fabrics such as wools, silks that lacked texture were used. Cushions sometimes covered in fabrics that contrasted with the rest of the body were sometimes used to enhance boldness. Art Deco reflected a shift to lighter and more neutral shades that had a metallic undertone. Popular colors in this design are such shades as black, gray, silver, white and brown variations. Bolder colors such as yellow, red, gold, green and blue were used minimally and were muted. Exotic pastels were a popular accent color at the time when Art Deco was popular. Art Deco fashion formed the next fashion look after the decline of art nouveau. It had two phases between 1910 to 1924 and between 1924 to 1930 . The former was built around neoclassical/ peasant designs while the latter was more minimalistic, with a modern touch. The first phase was led by Paul Poiret . He launched his first works in 1908 which was slim, simple, high waisted dresses that were delicately layered and exotic in style. His use of shades of pink, purple, blue, green and gold was inspired by his interest in Fauve paintings. In 1911, Paul organized the thousand and one night Ball.